diff --git a/assignments/main_text.pdf b/assignments/main_text.pdf index fee0e48..83d3b60 100644 Binary files a/assignments/main_text.pdf and b/assignments/main_text.pdf differ diff --git a/assignments/week4/main.pdf b/assignments/week4/main.pdf index ce63718..0deb718 100644 Binary files a/assignments/week4/main.pdf and b/assignments/week4/main.pdf differ diff --git a/assignments/week4/main.tex b/assignments/week4/main.tex index b63bd92..86d7f5d 100644 --- a/assignments/week4/main.tex +++ b/assignments/week4/main.tex @@ -16,11 +16,43 @@ \end{enumerate} \end{tcolorbox} -\begin{enumerate}[label=\emph{(\alph*)} +\begin{enumerate}[label=\emph{(\alph*)}] \item The complement of $[a,b]$ is equal to the union of $(-\infty, a)$ and $(b, \infty)$. So, we have to prove that both these sets are open. But we have already done so in the assignment of the previous week, so I'll just leave it at that. - \item + \item To prove that $\Z \subset \R$ is closed, we have to prove that the complement is open. Since the complement + consists of the union of a countably infinite number of open intervals $(a, b)$ such that $a < b$, we know + from a combination of earlier exercises that this is the case. This is because any interval $(a, b)$ is open + if $a,b \in \R$ such that $a < b$ and for any two open interval $A$ and $B$ that are open, then $A \cup B$ + is open as well. + \item I claim that the set of rationals isn't closed in $\R$. This is because there doesn't exist any interval + $(a,b)$ where $a,b \in \Q$ such that $a < b$, since for any $a$ and $b$ you can always find a $c$ such that + $a < c < b$. This makes it impossible to find an $\epsilon > 0$ such that for any $x \in (a,b)$, + $(x - \epsilon, x + \epsilon)$ is also in $(a,b)$ but in such a way that it only contains irrational numbers. + This argument makes use of the fact that $\Q$ is dense in $\R$. +\end{enumerate} + +\exercise* +\begin{tcolorbox} + \begin{enumerate}[label=\emph{(\alph*)}] + \item Let $\Lambda$ be a set (not necessarily a subset of $\R$), and for each $\lambda \in \Lambda$, let + $F_\lambda \in \R$. Prove that if $F_\lambda$ is closed for all $\lambda \in \Lambda$ then the set + \begin{equation*} + \bigcap_{\lambda \in \Lambda} F_\lambda = \{x \in \R : x \in F_\lambda \text{ for all } + \lambda \in \Lambda\} + \end{equation*} + is closed. + \item Let $n \in \N$, and let $F_1,...,F_n \subset \R$. Prove that if $F_1,...,F_n$ are closed then the set + $\bigcup_{m=1}^n F_m$ is closed. + \end{enumerate} +\end{tcolorbox} + +This exercise is very similar to an exercise of the previous assignment, in which we looked at unions and intersections +of \textit{open} intervals, whereas in this exercise, it's all about closed intervals. As the definition of closed +intervals is intricately linked to the definition of open intervals, the following arguments will look very similar and +shouldn't be surprising. +\begin{enumerate}[label=\emph{(\alph*)}] + \item \item \end{enumerate}