diff --git a/assignments/week3/main.pdf b/assignments/week3/main.pdf index 5fdd3b8..adf7a1d 100644 Binary files a/assignments/week3/main.pdf and b/assignments/week3/main.pdf differ diff --git a/assignments/week3/main.tex b/assignments/week3/main.tex index ffa439b..6e5ce1a 100644 --- a/assignments/week3/main.tex +++ b/assignments/week3/main.tex @@ -177,9 +177,40 @@ Since the implication holds both ways, the equivalence is proven. \qed The argument when $b - x < x - a$ is very similar and will be left to the reader. Then, for all $x \in (a,b)$, the statement is proven. \qed \item Non-formally speaking, in this exercise we want to prove that any union of open sets in $\R$ is open itself. + In order to make this formal, we will assume that $U_\lambda$ is open for all $\lambda \in \Lambda$ and + follow the definition as presented. + + So, let us assume that $U_\lambda$ is open for all $\lambda \in \Lambda$. This means that for every $x_\lambda + \in U_\lambda$, there exists an $\epsilon > 0$ such that $(x_\lambda - \epsilon, x_\lambda + \epsilon) \subset + U_\lambda$. To prove that $\bigcup_{\lambda \in \Lambda} U_\lambda$ is open, we need to show that the same + property holds for all $y$ in this set. But since the union between some sets is defined as the set that holds + all the elements that any of these sets hold, this is trivial: for any $y \in \bigcup_{\lambda \in \Lambda}$ + for which we want to know what $\epsilon$ we need to show that the union is open around that $y$, we just pick + the corresponding $\epsilon$ for the subset $U_\lambda$ which was open. Since all elements in that $U_\lambda$ + are also in the union, this must certainly be the case. \qed \item Similarly to the previous exercise, non-formally speaking we want to prove that any intersection of open sets - in $\R$ is open itself. + in $\R$ is open itself. This is not as trivial as in the previeous exercise however: since every set that is + added as an intersection poses another restriction, we don't have the immediate guarantee that every $\epsilon$ + from the subsets will also hold for the intersection set. + + Formally, let $n \in \N$ and let $U_1,...,U_n \subset \R$. We assume that all $U_1,...,U_n$ are open. + \item \end{enumerate} +\exercise* +\begin{tcolorbox} + Prove that + \begin{equation*} + \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{20n^2 + 20n + 2020} = 0. + \end{equation*} +\end{tcolorbox} +In order to prove that this limit holds, we need to show that a function $\{x_n\}$ converges to $x$, +i.e. if for all $\epsilon > 0$, $\exists M \in \N$ such that $\forall n \geq M$ the following inequality holds: +$|x_n = x| < \epsilon$. + +Let $\epsilon > 0$. We choose $M \in \N$ such that $\frac{1}{M} < \epsilon$ (Archimedean Property). Then for all +$n \geq M$, $|\frac{1}{20n^2+20n+2020} - 0| = \frac{1}{20n^2 + 20n + 2020} \leq \frac{1}{n^2 + n} \leq +\frac{1}{n} \leq \frac{1}{M} < \epsilon$. \qed + \end{document}